Antique French Pocket Watch Makers

Sterling Silver

Origin of the metallic alloy
Although the origin of the word "sterling" is controversial, it is generally admitted that the sterling alloy originated in continental Europe, and was used for trade in the 12th century in what is now northern Germany.
Etymology
The earliest attestation of the term is Esterlin old French form, in a charter of the abbey of Praux dating 1085 or 1104, either. The English chronicler Orderic Vitalis (1075 – c. 1142) uses the Latin forms and libr libr sterilensium sterilensis Monet. The original word refers the silver penny Norman newly introduced.
The most plausible etymology is the derivation of a late Old English * steorling "] Piece [with a "star, as early Norman pennies were printed with a small star.
There are a number of assumptions obsolete. One suggests a link with starlings, and another connection with alleged Easterling, a term for natives of the Baltic Hanseatic cities of Germany Eastern. This etymology is itself medieval Pinchebek suggested by Walter (ca. 1300) with the explanation that the piece was originally by counterfeiters in this region (OED).
A century of eating insignia: the silver craze of 1840-1940
19th Century Pitcher Tiffany & Co.. Circa 1871. Pitcher has paneled sides, and pushed the design with shells, scrolls and flowers. Top edge is pushed arrow leaf design.
From 1840 to somewhere around 1940 in the United States and Europe, sterling silver flatware became de rigueur when setting a table properly. In fact, there was a marked increase in the number of silver companies that emerged during this period.
The height of the craze for money was during the period of 50 years from 1870 to 1920. lines covered during this period sometimes included up to 100 different types of parts. In parallel, the dinner is being increased from three times ten or more. There was a soup, a salad during a course of fruit, cheese, antipasto, of course, one fish dish, main dish and a pastry or dessert course.
Eating individual implements often included forks (fork, table fork Instead, salad fork, pastry fork, shrimp or cocktail fork), spoons (tablespoon, teaspoon, spoon mocha, a spoonful of broth, gumbo soup spoon, iced tea spoon) and knives (dinner knife, knife up, spreader butter, fruit knife, cheese knife). This was particularly true during the Victorian period, when the label insisted that nothing should not be touched with fingers.
Service Parts were often richly decorated and pierced and embellished with ivory, and could include all or Part of the following: carving knife and fork, knife and fork salad, cold meat fork, ladle punch ladle, gravy ladle, pot spoon to serve, spoon berries, lasagna server, macaroni server, asparagus server, server cucumber, tomato server, spoon olive, cheese scoop, fish knife and fork, pastry server, petit four server, cake knife, bon bon spoon, salt tiny screens sugar or powder-crumbs with a brush.
flatware sets were often accompanied by tea services, jugs hot water, chocolate pots, trays and platters, goblets, demitasse cups and saucers, liqueur cups, bouillon cups, egg cups, sterling, round towel, water jugs and wine glasses, candelabra and even elaborate centerpieces.
In fact, the infatuation with Sterling even extended to business (sterling page clips, mechanical pencils, letter openers, calling card boxes, cigarette cases), in the boudoir (vanity trays Sterling, mirrors, hairbrushes and clothing, pill bottles, manicure sets, shoe horns, bottles, perfume bottles, powder, hair clips) and even to children (cups, flatware, rattles, christening sets).
A number of factors converged to make sterling fall into disuse in the time of the Second World War. The cost of labor rose (sterling pieces were still mostly handmade, with only the basics is by the machine). Only the rich could afford the large number of staff needed for fancy meals with ten courses. And changes in aesthetics led to people wanting a simple table that was easier to clean.
Punches
Over the years, most countries in the world have developed Punching their own money. The purpose of the application but is multiple:
To indicate the purity of the silver alloy used in manufacturing or hand-d'artisanat part.
To identify the silversmith or company who made the piece.
Note the date and / or location of manufacture.
Various
In addition to the uses of sterling silver mentioned above, there are certain uses little known to the pound sterling
Medical Devices: Evidence of money and / or silver alloy surgical and medical instruments has been found in cultures as early as Ur, Hellenistic Egypt and Rome, and their continued use until much partly replaced in the West in the mid to late 20th century by the cheaper, disposable plastic items. Its malleability is a natural advantage obvious physical, but the utility also exhibits medically specific, including the fact that it is naturally aseptic, and respect of modern medical practices, it is resistant to antiseptics, sterilization by heat and fluids.
Musical instruments: In Because sterling silver with a special sound character, some device manufacturers Brasswind use 92.5% sterling silver as a material for manufacture of instruments, including flute and saxophone. For example, some leading saxophone manufactueres like Selmer and Yanagisawa have designed some of their saxophones sterling silver, which they believe make the instruments more resonant and colorful sound.
Tarnish and corrosion
The purity of the silver decreases, the problem increases corrosion and tarnishing.
Chemically, silver is not very reactivet does not react with oxygen or water at ordinary temperatures, does not easily form a silver oxide. However, copper and other metals in the alloy, in general, can react with oxygen in the air.
The black silver sulfide (Ag2S) is among the most insoluble salts in a solution water, a property that is exploited for separating silver ions from other positive ions.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) or salt common table is known to corrode silver-copper alloy, typically seen in silver salt shakers where corrosion appears around the holes in the upper part.
The Wikibook Do-It-Yourself has a page on the theme
Polishing silver
Several products have been developed in the aim of silver polish used to remove sulfur from the metal without damaging or deforming. Because the grinding and polishing hard can cause permanent damage and devalue a piece of antique silver, valuable items are usually polished by hand to preserve the unique patina of the elderly parts. Techniques such as polishing wheel, which are usually done by professional jewelers or silver repair companies, are reserved for extreme tarnish or corrosion. See also tarnish removal.
References
All About Antique Silver International punches with the second printing (2007), by Diana Sanders Cinamon, AAA Publishing, San Bernardino, CA.
Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary Modern English by Eric Partridge lexicographer.
The Oxford English Dictionary, by John Simpson and Edmund Weiner.
Silver in America, 18401940: A Century splendor, third edition (1997), by Charles L. Venable, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, NY.
Tiffany silver flatware, 18451905: When eating is an art, William P. Hood Jr., 1999, published by the Antique Collectors Club Ltd., Suffolk, England.
The Encyclopedia of American Silver Manufacturers, Fourth Edition Revised (1998), by Dorothy T. Rainwater and Judy Redfield, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., Atglen, PA.
The Book of Old Silver, U.S. foreign English, with all features available including brands Sheffield Plate, by Seymour B. Wyler, 1937; Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, NY.
International Hallmarks money collected by Tardy, 5th English edition (2000), publication date unknown origin, the first paperback publication date 1985, author unknown; Unknown publisher.
References
Online encyclopedia of silver marks, hallmarks and maker's marks, an award winning site.
v d, e
Jewelry
Forms
Ankle buckle Belly Chain Bracelet Brooch Chatelaine Crown Cufflink Earring Necklace Pin Pendant Tiara Tie Clip Watch (Paperback)
Manufacturing
People
Bench jeweler jeweler jeweler lapidary Watchmaker
Processes
Casting (Centrifugal, lost wax, vacuum) Enameling Engraving watermark Metal Clay Veneer polishing regrowth and hunting Stonesetting welding wire wrapping
Tools
Draw Plate File chuck Hammer Pliers
Materials
Precious metals
Gold Silver Platinum Palladium Rhodium
alloys precious
Britannia silver gold crown gold platinum Electrum Shakudo Shibuichi sterling silver sterling tumbaga
Metals and alloys
Brass Bronze Copper tin Kuromido stainless steel titanium
mineral stones
Aventurine Agate Alexandrite Amethyst Aquamarine Carnelian Citrine Diamond Emerald Garnet Jade Jasper Malachite Lapis lazuli Moonstone Onyx Peridot Quartz Ruby Sapphire Tiger Opal Obsidian Sodalite Sunstone Tanzanite Topaz Tourmaline Eye
organic gems
Abalone Amber Copal Jet Coral Pearl
Terms
Carat (Unit) Carat (purity) Find thousandths fine
See also: Gemology Body Piercing Fashion Metalworking wearable art
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